武夷菌素对番茄灰霉菌的抑制作用及对番茄抗病性相关酶活性的影响

采用凹陷载玻片法测定了武夷菌素对番茄灰霉菌分生孢子萌发的抑制作用,在离体番茄叶片上测定了被武夷菌素处理后的番茄灰霉菌菌丝和分生孢子致病性的变化以及武夷菌素对番茄幼苗体内抗病性相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:武夷菌素对番茄灰霉菌的分生孢子有较强的抑制作用,其EC₅₀为14.1μg／mL。浓度为100μg／mL的武夷菌素可完全抑制孢子的萌发。武夷菌素能使灰霉菌菌丝和分生孢子的致病性明显下降,同时还能诱导番茄体内抗病性相关酶(SOD、POD、PPO、PAL)活性的增强,提高番茄幼苗的抗病性。     

江汉平原棉花合理施氮量研究

采用田间小区试验研究了江汉平原棉花合理施氮量。结果表明,在施用90 kg/hm~2 P2O5、180 kg/hm~2K2O和3 kg/hm~2持力硼基础上,利用线性+平台模型得到棉花中高产量水平下的合理施氮量为280 kg/hm~2。在不明显减产的条件下,从提高氮肥当季利用率、尽量降低氮肥投入的角度,可以将氮肥用量降低到240kg/hm~2左右,在此施氮水平下仍然可能通过改进田间管理措施获得高产。因此,江汉平原棉花氮肥减量空间为20~60 kg/hm~2。     

Effect of dietary Schizochytrium microalga oil on selected markers of low‐grade inflammation in rats

The objective of the present study was to evaluate a potential of Schizochytrium microalga oil to alleviate possible negative effects of high‐fat‐high‐energy diets. Forty adult male rats (Wistar Albino) were fed 7 weeks the diet containing beef tallow + evaporated sweetened milk (diet T) intended to cause mild obesity and low‐grade systemic inflammation. Consequently, the animals were divided into four groups by 10 animals each and fed either the T‐diet (control) or the diet containing 6% of safflower oil (S), 6% of fish oil (F) and 6% of Schizochytrium microalga oil (A), respectively, for another 7 weeks. The A‐diet decreased (p < 0.05) live weight to 86% and glycaemia to 85% of control, respectively; an effect of the S‐ and F‐diet on these markers was insignificant (p > 0.05). In comparison with control, higher (p < 0.05) deposition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) of the A‐rats correlated with increased (p < 0.05) plasma adiponectin concentration, but it was without the effect (p > 0.05) on cellular adiponectin content in the EAT. Higher (p < 0.05) EPA+DHA deposition in the liver of the A‐rats correlated with higher expression (149% of control; p < 0.05) of the gene coding for peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma, and with lower expression (82% and 66%; p < 0.05) of the genes coding for adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2; no relationship to the expression of receptor GPR120 was found. The A‐diet did not affect amount of the nuclear fraction of the nuclear factor kappa B in the liver, but increased plasma level of anti‐inflammatory cytokine TGF‐β1 (p < 0.05). The presented data agree with results of other in vivo rodent and human studies, but not with literature data regarding in vitro experiments: it can be concluded that the effects of dietary oils on inflammatory markers need further investigation.     

球孢白僵菌对马铃薯块茎蛾的毒力及其与常用农药的生物相容性测定

室内测定了从云南分离的7株球孢白僵菌对马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫的毒力,结果表明,在接菌孢子浓度为10⁵个/mL和10⁷个/mL下,接种后7d马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫累积死亡率分别为23.3%～70.0%和33.3%～86.7%,添加吐温80的清水对照死亡率仅为3.3%。筛选出毒力较高的Bb7001、Bb7004、Bb8001 3个菌株,其中菌株Bb8001对马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫的毒力最高,在孢子浓度1×10⁵、1×10⁷个/mL下,第7天的累计死亡率分别为70.0%和86.7%,其毒力回归方程Y=0.366X+3.409(R=0.956),剂量效应LC₅₀=2.24×10⁴个/mL,孢子浓度10⁷个/mL下的LT₅₀为4.3d。测定了毒力较高的菌株与12种农药的生物相容性,结果表明在供试农药推荐用量及其101、00倍稀释液下,球孢白僵菌Bb7001、Bb7004、Bb8001的3个菌株孢子在含所选农药的营养液中生物相容性良好的农药有:苏云金芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(Bt)、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、2.5%菜喜悬浮剂及松毛虫病毒可湿粉剂,可配伍使用;而阿维菌素、农安、卡死克、抑太保对球孢白僵菌有很强的抑制作用,应避免配伍使用。     

不同温度下新蚜虫疠霉对桃蚜的毒力测定

在15、18、21、25、28℃温度下,将新蚜虫疠霉应用孢子浴法对1～2龄桃蚜进行毒力测定,各处理温度分别设10个剂量,每剂量处理蚜虫60～120头,逐日观察记载蚜虫死亡数量。结果表明,新蚜虫疠霉具有较强杀蚜虫特性,其致病性在25℃时达最佳效果。接种后的前2d为新蚜虫疠霉的潜伏期,接种后3～4d为对桃蚜的致死高峰期。在温度15、18、21、25、28℃下,接种60min后,新蚜虫疠霉对桃蚜的LT₅₀值分别为3.0、3.7、2.8、2.53、.9 d。     

害虫病原真菌的研究方法

详细介绍了害虫病原真菌的研究方法，包括病死虫体的收集、处理、保存；病原真菌的分离、提纯；病原真菌致病性的试验、优良菌株的筛选；病原真菌的鉴定、复壮、贮藏等。     

Propofol attenuates LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide expression in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells possibly through down-regulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation

Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in intensive care medicine. Propofol, an intravenous general anesthetic, has been suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties and able to prevent sepsis induced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by down-regulating the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, propofol’s anti-inflammatory effects upon canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have not yet been clarified. Here, we isolate canine PBMCs and investigate the effects of propofol on the gene expressions of both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and upon the production of nitric oxide (NO). Through real-time quantitative PCR and the Griess reagent system, we found that non-cytotoxic levels of propofol significantly inhibited the release of NO and IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in LPS-induced canine PBMCs. Western blotting revealed that LPS does significantly increase the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein in canine PBMCs, while pretreatment with propofol significantly decreases the LPS-induced iNOS protein expression. Propofol, at concentration of 25 µM and 50 µM, also significantly inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 protein in canine PBMCs. This diminished TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS expression, and NO production was in parallel to the respective decreased NF-κB p65 protein nuclear translocation in the LPS-activated canine PBMCs pretreated with 25 µM and 50 µM propofol. This suggests that non-cytotoxic levels of propofol pretreatment can down-regulate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in canine PBMCs, possibly by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 protein.     

Methods to interpolate soil categorical variables from profile observations: Lessons from Iran

The paper compares semi-automated interpolation methods to produce soil-class maps from profile observations and by using multiple auxiliary predictors such as terrain parameters, remote sensing indices and similar. The Soil Profile Database of Iran, consisting of 4250 profiles, was used to test different soil-class interpolators. The target variables were soil texture classes and World Reference Base soil groups. The predictors were 6 terrain parameters, 11 MODIS EVI images and 17 physiographic regions (polygon map) of Iran. Four techniques were considered: (a) supervised classification using maximum likelihoods; (b) multinominal logistic regression; (c) regression-kriging on memberships; and (d) classification of taxonomic distances. The predictive capabilities were assessed using a control subset of 30% profiles and the kappa statistics as criterion. Supervised classification and multinominal logistic regression can lead to poor results if soil-classes overlap in the feature space, or if the correlation between the soil-classes and predictors is low. The two other methods have better predictive capabilities, although both are computationally more demanding. For both mapping of texture classes and soil types, the best prediction was achieved using regression-kriging of indicators/memberships (κ = 45%, κ = 54%). In all cases kappa was smaller than 60%, which can be explained by the preferential sampling plan, the poor definition of soil-classes and the high variability of soils. Steps to improve interpolation of soil-class data, by taking into account the fuzziness of classes directly on the field are further discussed.     

烟粉虱的为害及其生物防治策略

综述了烟粉虱Bem isia tabaci(Gennad ius)的为害状况及其生物防治研究进展,包括寄生蜂、捕食性天敌的保护、利用和引进,以及寄生真菌的利用.根据烟粉虱的为害特点,探讨了目前烟粉虱生物防治的策略以及存在的一些问题.     

大豆胞囊线虫病的生防因子研究进展

综述了大豆胞囊线虫的各类生防因子,如食线虫真菌、食线虫细菌、杀线虫植物、捕食性线虫和捕食性土壤动物等,其中研究较深入的是食线虫真菌和细菌,食线虫真菌可归纳为5种类型,即捕食性真菌、专性内寄生菌物、机会真菌、产毒真菌和菌根菌;另外,还对其他生防因子的最新研究结果进行了归类综述,并对大豆胞囊线虫的生物防治进行了展望。